This code is based on the Tcl
menu.tcl demo. It demonstrates creating top level, cascading menus some of which include
icons,
radio and
check buttons, as well as
short-cut keys and
accelerator keys. Only the
Colors menu is implemented as a
tear-off; a menu that can be opened as a separate window.
# File: menu.py
# http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter//menu.html
# http://tkinter.unpythonic.net/wiki/A_tour_of_Tkinter_widgets (menu.py)
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3485397/python-tkinter-dropdown-menu-w-keyboard-shortcuts
#
# Notes:
# - under Windows, the underlines for the menu shortcut keys
# don't appear until 'Alt' is pressed
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from demopanels import MsgPanel, SeeDismissPanel
class MenuDemo(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, isapp=True, name='menudemo'):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, name=name)
self.pack(expand=Y, fill=BOTH)
self.master.title('Menu Demo')
self.isapp = isapp
self._create_widgets()
def _create_widgets(self):
if self.isapp:
SeeDismissPanel(self)
self._create_demo_panel()
def _create_demo_panel(self):
demoPanel = Frame(self, name='demo')
demoPanel.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=Y)
msg = ["This window contains a menubar with cascaded menus. You can post ",
"a menu from the keyboard by typing Alt+x, where \"x\" is the ",
"character underlined on the menu.\n\tYou can then traverse among the ",
"menus using the arrow keys.\n\tWhen a menu is posted, you can invoke ",
"the current entry by typing space, or you can invoke any entry by ",
"typing its underlined character.\n\tIf a menu entry has an accelerator, ",
"you can invoke the entry without posting the menu just by typing ",
"the accelerator.\n\tThe rightmost menu can be torn off into a palette ",
"by selecting the first item in the menu."]
lbl = ttk.Label(demoPanel, text=''.join(msg), wraplength='4i', justify=LEFT)
lbl.pack(side=TOP, padx=5, pady=5)
# create statusbar
statusBar = ttk.Frame()
self.__status = ttk.Label(self.master, text=' ', relief=SUNKEN, borderwidth=1,
font=('Helv 10'), anchor=W, name='status')
self.__status.pack(side=LEFT, padx=2, expand=Y, fill=BOTH)
statusBar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X, pady=2)
# create the main menu (only displays if child of the 'root' window)
self.master.option_add('*tearOff', False) # disable all tearoff's
self._menu = Menu(self.master, name='menu')
self._build_submenus()
self.master.config(menu=self._menu)
# set up standard bindings for the Menu class
# (essentially to capture mouse enter/leave events)
self._menu.bind_class('Menu', '<<MenuSelect>>', self._update_status)
def _build_submenus(self):
# create the submenus
# the routines are essentially the same:
# 1. create the submenu, passing the main menu as parent
# 2. add the submenu to the main menu as a 'cascade'
# 3. add the submenu's individual items
self._add_file_menu()
self._add_basic_menu()
self._add_cascades_menu()
self._add_icons_menu()
self._add_more_menu()
self._add_colors_menu()
# ================================================================================
# Submenu routines
# ================================================================================
# File menu ------------------------------------------------------------------
def _add_file_menu(self):
fmenu = Menu(self._menu, name='fmenu')
self._menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=fmenu, underline=0)
labels = ('Open...', 'New', 'Save', 'Save As...', 'Print Setup...',
'Print...', )
for item in labels:
fmenu.add_command(label=item,
command=lambda m=item: self._demo_only(m))
fmenu.add_separator()
fmenu.add_command(label='Exit Demo',
command=lambda: self.master.destroy()) # kill toplevel wnd
# Basic menu ------------------------------------------------------------------
def _add_basic_menu(self):
bmenu = Menu(self._menu)
self._menu.add_cascade(menu=bmenu, label='Basic', underline=0)
bmenu.add_command(label='Long entry that does nothing')
labels = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']
for item in labels:
bmenu.add_command(label='Print letter "{}"'.format(item),
underline=14,
accelerator='Control+{}'.format(item),
command=lambda i=item: self._print_it(None, i))
# bind accelerator key to a method; the bind is on ALL the
# applications widgets
self.bind_all('<Control-{}>'.format(item.lower()),
lambda e, i=item: self._print_it(e, i))
# Cascades menu ------------------------------------------------------------------
def _add_cascades_menu(self):
cascades = Menu(self._menu)
self._menu.add_cascade(label='Cascades', menu=cascades, underline=0)
cascades.add_command(label='Print Hello', underline=6,
accelerator='Control+H',
command=lambda: self._print_it(None, 'Hello'))
cascades.add_command(label='Print Goodbye', underline=6,
accelerator='Control+G',
command=lambda: self._print_it(None, 'Goodbye'))
# add submenus
self._add_casc_cbs(cascades) # check buttons
self._add_casc_rbs(cascades) # radio buttons
# bind accelerator key to a method; the bind is on ALL the
# applications widgets
self.bind_all('<Control-h>',
lambda e: self._print_it(e, 'Hello'))
self.bind_all('<Control-g>',
lambda e: self._print_it(e, 'Goodbye'))
def _add_casc_cbs(self, cascades):
# build the Cascades->Check Buttons submenu
check = Menu(cascades)
cascades.add_cascade(label='Check Buttons', underline=0,
menu=check)
self.__vars = {}
labels = ('Oil checked', 'Transmission checked',
'Brakes checked', 'Lights checked' )
for item in labels:
self.__vars[item] = IntVar()
check.add_checkbutton(label=item, variable=self.__vars[item])
# set items 1 and 3 to 'selected' state
check.invoke(1)
check.invoke(3)
check.add_separator()
check.add_command(label='Show values',
command=lambda lbls=labels: self._show_vars(lbls))
def _add_casc_rbs(self, cascades):
# build Cascades->Radio Buttuns subment
submenu = Menu(cascades)
cascades.add_cascade(label='Radio Buttons', underline=0,
menu=submenu)
self.__vars['size'] = StringVar()
self.__vars['font'] = StringVar()
for item in (10,14,18,24,32):
submenu.add_radiobutton(label='{} points'.format(item),
variable=self.__vars['size'])
submenu.add_separator()
for item in ('Roman', 'Bold', 'Italic'):
submenu.add_radiobutton(label=item,
variable=self.__vars['font'])
# set items 1 and 7 to 'selected' state
submenu.invoke(1)
submenu.invoke(7)
submenu.add_separator()
submenu.add_command(label='Show values',
command=lambda: self._show_vars(('size','font')))
# Icons menu ------------------------------------------------------------------
def _add_icons_menu(self):
menu = Menu(self._menu)
self._menu.add_cascade(label='Icons', menu=menu, underline=0)
# 'info', 'questhead', and 'error' are Tk built-in icons
for bm in ('@images/pattern.xbm', 'info', 'questhead', 'error'):
menu.add_command(bitmap=bm, hidemargin=1,
command=lambda b=bm: self._you_invoked((b, 'bitmap')))
menu.entryconfigure(2, columnbreak=1)
# More menu ------------------------------------------------------------------
def _add_more_menu(self):
menu = Menu(self._menu)
self._menu.add_cascade(label='More', menu=menu, underline=0)
labels = ('An entry', 'Another entry', 'Does nothing',
'Does almost nothing', 'Make life meaningful')
for item in labels:
menu.add_command(label=item,
command=lambda i=item: self._you_invoked((i, 'entry')))
menu.entryconfig(3, bitmap='questhead', compound=LEFT,
command=lambda i=labels[3]:
self._you_invoked((i,
'entry; a bitmap and a text string')))
# Colors menu ------------------------------------------------------------------
def _add_colors_menu(self):
menu = Menu(self._menu, tearoff=True)
self._menu.add_cascade(label='Colors', menu=menu, underline=1)
for c in ('red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue'):
menu.add_command(label=c, background=c,
command=lambda c=c: self._you_invoked((c, 'color')))
# ================================================================================
# Bound and Command methods
# ================================================================================
def _print_it(self, e, txt):
# triggered by multiple menu items that print letters or greetings
# or by an accelerator keypress (Ctrl+a, Ctrl+b, etc).
print(txt)
def _demo_only(self, menuItem):
# triggered when unimplemented submenu items are clicked
self.bell()
self.__status.configure(background='red', foreground='white',
text="No action has been defined for menu item '" + menuItem + "'")
def _update_status(self, evt):
# triggered on mouse entry if a menu item has focus
# (focus occurs when user clicks on a top level menu item)
try:
item = self.tk.eval('%s entrycget active -label' % evt.widget )
self.__status.configure(background='gray90', foreground='black',
text=item)
except TclError:
# no label available, ignore
pass
def _show_vars(self, values):
# called when Cascades->Check Buttons or Radio Buttons
# 'Show Values' item is selected
# displayf variable values in the status bar
v = []
for e in values:
t = self.__vars[e].get()
s = '{}: {} '.format(e, t)
v.append(s)
self.__status.configure(background='white', foreground='black',
text=''.join(v))
def _you_invoked(self, value):
# triggered when an entry in the Icons, More or Colors menu is selected
self.bell()
self.__status.configure(background='SeaGreen1', foreground='black',
text="You invoked the '{}' {}.".format(value[0],
value[1]))
if __name__ == '__main__':
MenuDemo().mainloop()
